Diana Sierra
The Paralympic Games, a beacon of resilience and athletic excellence have come a long way since their humble beginnings in a British hospital.
What started as a small rehabilitation initiative has transformed into one of the world’s premier sporting events, celebrating the abilities and determination of athletes with disabilities.
The Origins: Dr. Ludwig Guttman and Stoke Mandeville
In 1944, during the Second World War, Dr. Ludwig Guttman, a German-Jewish neurologist, set up a spinal injury centre at Stoke Mandeville Hospital in Aylesbury, England.
Dr. Guttman firmly believed in the transformative power of sports in the recovery of patients, many of whom were soldiers with spinal cord injuries. His visionary approach challenged the prevailing view at the time, which often marginalized individuals with disabilities and doubted their ability to lead active, fulfilling lives.
In 1948, Guttman organised the first ‘Stoke Mandeville Games’ to coincide with the opening of the London Olympic Games. Sixteen ex-servicemen competed in archery, which laid the foundations for a movement.
The 60s: The First Official Paralympic Games
The 1960 Rome Paralympic Games were an important milestone, not only because of their international scope, but also because they demonstrated that disabled athletes could compete in high-level sporting events.
In 1968, the Paralympic Games were scheduled to be held in Mexico City in conjunction with the Olympic Games, but due to logistical difficulties, they were moved to Tel Aviv, Israel.
Women’s wheelchair basketball made its debut that year, and the 100-metre wheelchair race became one of the most important competitions.
The 70s: Expanding Participation and Media Attention
The 1970s saw a significant change in the Paralympic Games, broadening participation to include athletes with various disabilities.
The 1972 Paralympic Games in Heidelberg, Germany, featured athletes with amputees and those with visual impairment. For the first time, 261 amputees and 187 visually impaired athletes competed.
One of the most remarkable performances was that of Canadian athlete Arnie Boldt, an above- knee amputee, who won the gold medal in the high jump with an incredible 1.86 metres.
Another important development in 1972 was the decision to create sub-committees for each sport within the Stoke Mandeville Games Organising Committee, which allowed for greater specialisation. Media coverage improved, with daily broadcasts boosting the visibility of Paralympic sports.
The 80s: Milestones in Integration
In 1988, the Games were held in Seoul, South Korea, the first time that the Paralympic Games were held in the same city as the Olympic Games.
The event was attended by more than 3,000 athletes from 60 countries, representing a variety of disabilities. The Seoul Paralympic Games also saw significant technological advances, particularly in wheelchair design.
“The creation of the IPC further consolidated the structure of the Games”
Athletes were able to use lighter and more aerodynamic wheelchairs, which allowed for faster races, especially in athletics.
In 1989, the creation of the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) further consolidated the structure of the Games, ensuring professional management and the continued growth of Paralympic sport worldwide.
The 90s: Winter Games and Global Growth
In 1992, Tignes and Albertville (France) hosted the first Paralympic Winter Games at the same venue as the Olympic Winter Games. This event marked a milestone in the inclusion of winter sports in the Paralympic framework.
The Summer Paralympic Games also grew considerably during this decade. By the 1996 Atlanta Games, more than 3,000 athletes were competing and there was increased media attention.
The 2000s: Sydney and Global Consolidation
The Sydney 2000 games represented a major breakthrough for the Paralympic movement. For the first time, the Organising Committees worked closely together, sharing resources and enhancing the overall experience for athletes and spectators alike.
The Sydney Paralympic Games featured 18 sports, including new additions such as wheelchair rugby and football 7-a-side. Media coverage was extensive and public interest was huge, cementing the Games as a major global sporting event.
Tokyo 2021: Overcoming the Pandemic
In 2021, the Games returned to Tokyo where they were held from 24th August to 5th September, amid the COVID-19 pandemic.
“The Paralympic Games are a testament to the indomitable spirit of athletes”
Despite the difficulties, the event was a great success, demonstrating the resilience of both athletes and organisers. New sports were introduced, such as parabadminton and parataekwondo.
A Legacy of Overcoming Barriers, the Games continue to challenge perceptions of disability demonstrating that barriers can be overcome through sport.
Today, the Paralympic Games are a testament to the indomitable spirit of athletes, celebrating resilience and achievement around the world.
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Featured image courtesy of Arisa Chattasa on Unsplash. No changes were to this image. Image license found here.
Ella Bebbington
Ella is a Sports Editor for Empoword Journalism. Her favourite sport is F1 and is in her first year at university studying a sports journalism degree. In the future she hopes to be an F1 journalist.